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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
.Article – Online Historic Information | Military
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See also:
Botha’s Pass, Action at; Helpmekaar, Action at; Ladysmith, Siege of; Maps; Talana, Battle of.
Biltong
Dried meat, a staple of Boer field rations. It is a traditional Afrikaner food, made of raw, pickled
meat. Pretorius states: “Customary ingredients for the marinade – when obtainable, as during the first
phase of the war – were salt, sugar, saltpetre, bicarbonate of soda and vinegar. The strips were hung
outside for a week or so to dry, after which they were guzzled with great gusto.”
See also:
Provisions.
Reference:
Pretorius, Fransjohan, Life on Commando during the Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 (Cape Town,
Human & Rousseau, 1999).
Bitter-Ender
A bitter-ender (bitter einder) was a Boer who refused to surrender, that is, become a “hands-upper”,
or to assist the British, that is, become a “joiner”. Some 20,000 men, a third of the Boers engaged in
the war as a whole, were still in the field when peace was agreed in May 1902. The motivation
behind this varied. A principal factor was the defiant wish to defend their independence. Other
factors were a religious conviction that God was on their side, a revulsion at British tactics in farm
burning and sending women and children to camps and, finally, responsiveness to their leaders’
exhortations.
See also:
Hands-uppers; Joiners.
Reference:
Lee, Emanoel, To the Bitter End (London, Viking, 1985); Pretorius, Fransjohan, Life on Commando
during the Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 (Cape Town, Human & Rousseau, 1999); Pretorius,
Fransjohan, “The experience of the Bitter-ender”, Boer War: Direction, Experience and
Image,ed. J. Gooch (London, Frank Cass, 2000).
Blake, Colonel J. Y. F.,
1856–1907
J. Y. F. Blake, born in Missouri in 1856, was a graduate of West Point Military Academy in the
United States. He served in the 6th Cavalry in the Indian Wars and left the army in 1890. He went to
South Africa and took part in the Matabele Campaign in 1896 as did Russell Burnham, who became
the British Head of Scouts. Blake espoused the Boer cause, raising the Irish Brigade which fought
with distinction on the Boer side at Nicholson’s Nek, Helpmekaar and in the guerrilla war where he
remained in the field until the end of the war. He lost the use of one hand at Modderspruit in October
1899. He returned to the United States eventually and died in mysterious circumstances in a gas-filled
room at 275 West 22nd Street, New York on 24 January 1907.
See also:
Helpmekaar, Action at; Irish; Nicholson’s Nek, Action at.
Reference:
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