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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
.Article – Online Historic Information | Military
.Page 84
order to exploit the fire power of the Maxim machine-gun, he invented the Dundonald Galloping
Carriage as an alternative to transporting the guns on pack horses or mules.
See also:
Acton Homes, Action at; Colenso, Battle of; Tugela Heights, Battle of.
Reference:
Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the Anglo-Boer
War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999).
Durban
Formerly called Port Natal, Durban is the main port of Natal. It was placed under martial law with
Captain Percy Scott, R.N. as Military Governor and Commandant on 3 November 1899. The Boers
never advanced far enough to offer any real threat to the town.
See also:
Scott, Captain Percy; Willow Grange, Battle of.
Dutch Colonisation
The Dutch first landed in the Cape in 1652. The mission of Jan van Riebeeck was to establish a
staging point for ships of the Dutch East India Company by setting up a fort and arranging for
vegetables to be grown and cattle to be purchased from the indigenous Khoikhoi (known to the
Europeans as Hottentots). The settlement of Dutch market gardeners was an unhappy experiment but
stability was achieved for a time under the expansionist reforms of Simon van der Stel in the 1680s.
The population increased and overflowed the limitations of the original settlement at Cape Town,
putting pressure on the San (Bushmen) of the interior and running into the Xhosa on the Fish River to
the east. It was to meet the challenge of the black African warriors that the commando, a militia unit,
was developed.
The British entered the picture in 1795, a year after the Dutch East India Company went
bankrupt, and at a time when the English were at war with France, from whom the Dutch settlement
was “protected”. At the end of hostilities twenty years later the Cape became British permanently.
Soon after, during the 1820s in a series of great battles, the mfecane,the Zulu nation was established
in the east of what is now South Africa. Then, in the 1830s, the British abolished slavery, which was
the last straw for the Dutch farmers, or Boers. Under leaders including Piet Retief and Piet Uys, they
migrated in what became known as the Great Trek. Between 1836 and 1846 some 14,000 people left
Cape Colony with their herds of cattle and goats, their furniture loaded into great wagons. They
crossed the Orange and Vaal rivers, pushing into the interior and down into Natal to find land. In
doing so they encountered the black Africans. Hendrick Potgieter fought the Ndebele in the north and
Piet Retief and Andries Pretorius fought the Zulu in the east.
Meanwhile the British colonised the coast, founding Port Elizabeth and
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