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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
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water-carrying, cooking and driving were also carried out by Indians. There was a population of
about 2,500 Indians in Ladysmith during the siege, some of whom ventured beyond the defence lines
after dark to cut fodder. Parbhoo Singh kept watch on the Boer Long Tom, the 155mm gun, on
Bulwana and gave a warning every time it fired at continuous risk to his own life. A memorial to the
Indians who participated in the war is in Observatory, Johannesburg.
See also:
Indian Ambulance Corps; Ladysmith, Siege of.
Reference:
Brain, J. B., “Indians and the South African War of 1899–1902”, Africana Journal,no. 15, Pretoria,
1999; Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the
Anglo-Boer War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999).
Inspan
To harness up animals to a wagon. There was considerable skill involved in handling oxen and to
inspan them successfully required matching them for size and strength as well as harnessing them to
the transport.
Intelligence
Boer attention to intelligence was substantial. The Transvaal Intelligence Department had agents
throughout South Africa and spent twenty times more than the British on gathering information. British
troop movements were therefore known in detail to the Boers. British information, on the other hand,
was very poor at the outbreak of the war, partly because intelligence officers already in South Africa
became incarcerated in besieged towns. The Field Intelligence Department was set up to make good
the loss but did not produce sound information until the guerrilla phase of the war, when railway lines
and their attendant telegraph lines were secured by blockhouses.
By 1902 the British Field Intelligence Department had been re-organised by Colonel David
Hamilton and comprised 132 officers and 2,321 other ranks, plus an unknown number, certainly some
thousands, of black African men. The latter served under such local officers as Colonel Aubrey
Wools-Sampson who provided Colonel Sir Henry Rawlinson’s column with a number of impressive
catches of Boers.
See also:
Africans, Black; Maps.
Reference:
Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the Anglo-Boer
War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999); Pakenham, Thomas, The Boer War
(London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979; Abacus, 1992).
Irish
Irishmen fought on both sides in the Boer War. Service in the army had long been a possible career
choice for an Irish boy, just as it was for English, Welsh and Scots youths. Some were driven by
poverty and the lack of a
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