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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
.Article – Online Historic Information | Military
.Page 136
The impact of the arrival of the Dutch in 1652 was not immediately to their disadvantage. A
famous Dutch hunter, van Meerhof, married a Christian Khoikhoi woman called Eva in the early days
of the new colony, and trade for meat and vegetables was, for a time, to the Africans’ advantage.
Soon, however, the colony spread and intensive land use exhausted the pastures upon which the
Khoikhoi economy depended. The Dutch ploughed up what appeared to them empty land, or land
which they did not even consider might belong to someone else, and more pasture disappeared. In the
1660s the matter came to blows and the Khoikhoi lost the ensuing war. Jan van Riebeeck eventually
told them that they had lost their land and it now passed to the Dutch by right of conquest. A second
war from 1673–77 ended in the same way. An epidemic of fever in 1687 and of smallpox in 1713
completed the process. The survivors, their economic and social structures destroyed, became
servants and farm-workers. Their descendants are seen today in the Cape coloured population.
See also:
Africans, Black; Nguni People; San, The; Zulu, The.
Reference:
Troup, Freda, South Africa: An Historical Introduction (London, Eyre Methuen, 1972).
Kimberley, Siege of,
14 October 1899–15 February 1900
The siege of Kimberley lasted for four months. For most of the time the white inhabitants did not
suffer greatly as there was adequate food and water and the defences commanded by Lieutenantcolonel Kekewich kept the Boers at a distance, content as they were to sit the British out and indulge
in a little shelling. The principal problem was within; Cecil Rhodes, whose commercial interests
were a partial cause of the war, attempted to have matters run his own way and even went as far as
implying that he would surrender the town to the Boers if the British did not make haste to relieve it.
Instead of advancing immediately on Bloemfontein, Lord Roberts sent Lieutenant-general Sir John
French to the relief with his cavalry division. The damage done to the cavalry as a result of their wild
ride was severe and proved a serious handicap to future operations. Of the white defenders of
Kimberley nine civilians and forty-two officers and men of the army had died. Of the black
population 483 people died, the majority of them children who succumbed to starvation and disease.
In 1899, as the threat of war grew greater, Sir Alfred Milner, Governor of Cape Colony, became
concerned for the safety of the diamond-mining centre of Kimberley and sent Lieutenant-colonel
Robert Kekewich to investigate. The verdict was that it was vulnerable in the extreme, so Kekewich
and half of his regiment, the 1st Loyal North Lancashires, were posted there to rectify matters. On 14
October, three days after the outbreak of war, the town was besieged by the Boers, with Cecil
Rhodes, the mining magnate, caught there as well. The defenders numbered 596 regular soldiers, 352
Cape Police and 5,500
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Critical USA/EU Defense Intel Item / Threat Reporting Issue (Urgent for USA/NATO/German attention)
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