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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
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assault but, at the same time, bombarded and took first Botha’s Pass to the west and then Alleman
Nek, threatening to take Langs Nek from the Boer rear. The Boers were thus forced to abandon their
position on 11 June 1900, having first blown up the entrance to the railway tunnel. It was reopened on
18 June.
See also:
Alleman Nek, Action at; Botha’s Pass, Action at; Maps.
Reference:
Castle, Ian, Majuba 1881 (London, Osprey, 1996); Jones, Huw M. and Meurig G. M. Jones, A
Gazetteer of the Second Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 (Milton Keynes, The Military Press,
1999); www.battlefields.co.za/history/1st_war_of_independence
Lansdowne, Marquis of,
1845–1927
Lord Lansdowne was Secretary of State for War from 1895 to October 1900. Formerly Viceroy of
India, he was associated with the Indian faction of the British Army and thus favoured Lord Roberts
and his associates over the African faction represented by Field Marshal Lord Wolseley. The
existence of these rival factions in the army, and the association of the Secretary of State with one of
them, prevented objective management of the war in London.
Lansdowne’s major contribution to the development of the army was the establishment of the
Royal Army Medical Corps in 1898 and he was also involved with the formation of the Central
British Red Cross Committee in January 1899. He was constrained to appoint Sir Redvers Buller as
Commander-in-Chief in South Africa, but then failed to include him in discussions and planning. The
post of Commander-in-Chief was, at that time, not clearly defined in its duties and powers, and
Lansdowne continued to act without proper consultation. For example, he appointed Lieutenantgeneral Sir Charles Warren, a man with whom Buller was known to be at odds, to serve under him
and to be marked as Buller’s successor should it be necessary. Lansdowne became Foreign Secretary
in 1900 and, in January 1902, rejected offers of mediation in the war by the Netherlands. He served
in the government in the First World War.
See also:
Buller, Sir Redvers; Warren, Sir Charles.
Reference:
Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the Anglo-Boer
War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999); Pakenham, Thomas, The Boer War
(London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979; Abacus, 1992); Surridge, Keith, “Lansdowne at the
War Office”, Boer War: Direction, Experience and Image,ed. J. Gooch (London, Frank Cass,
2000).
Le Gallais, Lieutenant-Colonel P. W. J.,
1861–1900
Philip Le Gallais was born in Jersey, the Channel Islands, and joined the 8th (King’s Royal Irish)
Hussars in 1881. When the Mounted Infantry Division was formed at Bloemfontein,
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