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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
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.Page 181
Legion broke up and Maximov took command of the Hollander Corps. On 30 April they were
engaged at Thaba ‘Nchu and Maximov was seriously wounded. Declared unfit for further service, he
left the country at the end of May. Maximov was killed in the war between Russia and Japan.
See also:
Boer Forces; Thaba ‘Nchu; Villebois-Mareuil, Colonel Count Georges de.
Reference:
Davidson, Apollon and Irina Filatova, The Russians and the Anglo-Boer War (Cape Town, Human
& Rousseau, 1998).
Medical Services
The medical facilities in support of both British and Boer armies in the formal, set-piece phase of the
war were excellent. The wounded were usually removed to field hospitals quite quickly and aseptic
surgery and general anaesthetics were employed. However, in the mobile warfare of the guerrilla
period treatment was often delayed and the Boers were not able to support their men with medical
help, so they left their wounded behind, confident that they would be treated by the British, as they
were. The problem the British found far more difficult to deal with was the outbreak of enteric or
typhoid fever caused by polluted water. Twice as many British died of disease as fell to Boer action.
The British Royal Army Medical Corps was established in 1898 under the aegis of Lord
Lansdowne, Secretary of State for War. There were twenty-eight field ambulances or hospitals, that
is, mobile units, five stationary hospitals and sixteen general hospitals in which 22,000 troops were
treated for wounds or injuries. The wounded were brought in by stretcher-bearers (among whom
were the men of the Indian Ambulance Corps) and subjected to the process of triage. This divided
them into three groups: those lightly wounded who could wait for treatment; those severely wounded
and unlikely to survive who were given pain relief; and those badly wounded but possible to save
who received immediate attention.
X-rays were used to locate bullets in the body and flesh wounds were usually successfully
handled, but chest and abdominal wounds were less so. Shock was not understood and blood
transfusions could not be performed as the discovery of blood groups came only in 1902.
The Boer forces were supported for the first part of the war by their existing civilian hospitals
and by the volunteer ambulance units sent from overseas. Later in the war some formations had a
doctor of their own, such as Dr von Rennenkampf who treated the wounded Lord Methuen when Koos
De la Rey defeated him at Tweebosch on 7 March 1902. Others relied on the British to look after
their wounded.
See also:
Conan Doyle, Arthur; Indian Ambulance Corps.
Reference:
Lee, Emmanoel, To the Bitter End (London, Viking, 1985); Treeves, Frederick, The Tale of a Field
Hospital (London, Cassell, 1900).
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