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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
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posals that might receive Kruger’s approval and when the war came at last, he welcomed it.
Milner was fully aware of the fighting ability of the Boers and was prepared to endure the cost of the
war. He was created Baron Milner of St James’s and of Capetown by the King on 24 May 1901
during a visit to England.
During the final peace negotiations Milner attempted to keep the British Commander-in-Chief,
Lord Kitchener in check as the latter was keen to negotiate an agreement that would promote
reconciliation between the white peoples of South Africa. Neither paid any attention to the original
contention that the war was, to some extent at least, intended to protect the civil rights of other
sections of the population. After the war Milner was instrumental in restoring the broken economy of
South Africa, but was undone by another crisis in the gold mines. The need for underground workers
was met by the importation of Chinese indentured labourers, who were so much resented by the
uitlandersthat Boer and British found a common political cause in a racial issue and united against
the colonial power. The Chinese were flogged “like Africans” which raised a storm in London. Beset
from both sides, Milner resigned in 1905. He returned to government in 1914 to serve on various
committees concerned with the conduct of the First World War and became a member of the War
Council in 1916. He became Minister of War in April 1918 and later Secretary of State for the
Colonies. He died from the bite of a tsetse fly.
See also:
Bloemfontein Conference; Concentration Camps, White; Peace Negotiations.
Reference:
Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the Anglo-Boer
War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999); Pakenham, Thomas, The Boer War
(London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979; Abacus, 1992).
Modderfontein, Action at,
17 September 1901
When Assistant Commandant-general Jan Smuts was attempting to enter Cape Colony, a British post
was established on the Elands River, twelve miles (20km) north of Tarkastad, half-way between
Cradock and Queenstown in the eastern Cape, at a farm called Modderfontein, in order to guard
against his crossing. C Squadron, the 17th Lancers, had a 9-pounder gun and a Maxim, but Smuts
nonetheless overran them, with about thirty Boers killed and wounded but having inflicted more than
twice that damage on the British. The arrival of A Squadron drove Smuts off.
See also:
Cape Colony, Invasions of.
Reference:
Jones, Huw M. and Meurig G. M. Jones, A Gazetteer of the Second Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902
(Milton Keynes, The Military Press, 1999).
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