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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
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men taken at Elandslaagte but refused, and one in Simon’s Town in the Cape, HMS
Penelope,was used for a while, contrary to the Geneva Convention, but excused on the grounds of
being a temporary provision. Camps were set up at Simon’s Town and at Green Point, Capetown in
the Cape and at Bloemfontein in the Orange River Colony, as it became. These were insufficient to
meet the need and prisoners were sent to St Helena, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India and eventually
Bermuda. The Transvaal prisoners numbered 12,954 by the end of the war and the Orange Free State
prisoners 12,358. Rebels, that is those British colony citizens who fought for the Boers, who were
caught numbered 7,587. In addition, the numbers of those who gave themselves up came to 13,780
from the Transvaal and 8,318 from the Orange Free State.
The worsening conditions in which both sides fought late in the war led to a decay in the
standards of behaviour. The ambush of the Gordon Highlanders on a train near Naboomspruit on 4
July 1901 and the subsequent failed ambush a few days later is a case in point. Boers attempting to
surrender in the latter incident were shot by men who believed that in the earlier ambush British
soldiers had been shot in cold blood. The shooting of prisoners did take place, but did not necessarily
go unpunished, as the case of Breaker Morant illustrates. He and another Australian were executed
for this crime.
See also:
Morant, Lieutenant H. H.; Naboomspruit, Ambush near.
Reference:
Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the Anglo-Boer
War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999); Pretorius, Fransjohan, The Anglo-Boer
War 1899–1902 (Cape Town, Don Nelson, 1985).
Pro-Boers
In Britain there were a number of influential people, mostly connected with the Liberal Party, who
opposed the war. All such were called proBoers even if they were merely against the war. They
included William T. Stead, a former editor of the imperialist Pall Mall Gazette,L. H. Courtney, a
former government minister, Henry Massingham, former editor of the Daily Chronicle,and the
Members of Parliament Henry Labouchère and David Lloyd George, the latter destined to become
Prime Minister during the First World War. They were very much in the minority and failed to make
an impact in the general election held in October 1900, known as the Khaki Election. It was not until
the publication of Emily Hobhouse’s report on the concentration camps nine months later that the
conduct of the war, and the war itself, was seriously called in question in Britain.
See also:
Hobhouse, Emily.
Reference:
Pakenham, Thomas, The Boer War (London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979; Abacus, 1992); Wilson,
H. W., After Pretoria: the Guerilla War (London, Amalgamated Press, 1902).
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