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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
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not humanely be left on the veldt, they were taken to refugee camps. The failure of these camps,
better known as concentration camps, is legendary.
Boers who refused to join their countrymen in fighting the British were, in many cases, subject to
reprisals. When forced to flee their farms they sought shelter with the British, as did share-croppers
(bywoners) who lost their places on farms. The economic impact of the war also contributed to the
refugee problem as casual labourers, usually black Africans, lost their job opportunities and clustered
around British army posts in makeshift camps. More refugees were created by military operations
rendering their homelands uninhabitable. Finally, black Africans were recruited by the British as
drivers, servants and scouts, and, rather than leave their families behind to risk the ire of a passing
commando, they took their women and children to British posts for protection. The impact of this
uprooting of the population was felt most keenly by the black Africans, many of whom lost their
economic independence and had only employment by white people to look to for survival after the
war.
See also:
Concentration Camps.
Reference:
Pretorius, Fransjohan, The Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 (Cape Town, Don Nelson, 1985); Warwick,
Peter, Black People and the South African War 1899–1902 (Cambridge and New York,
Cambridge University Press, 1983).
Reitz, Action at,
11 July 1901
The government of the Orange Free State was captured with the exception of President Marthinus
Steyn, who escaped with the help of his bodyguard and cook Jan Ruiter, at Reitz on 11 July 1901.
Steyn’s escape prevented the collapse of Orange Free State resistance and would not have been
possible without the intervention of his agterryer,a black African man.
The Orange Free State government had come to Reitz, between Bethlehem and Frankfort in the
Orange Free State, after meetings with the Transvaal leaders, and was under the impression that
Brigadier-general R. G. Broadwood’s column had left the district. Many men of the escorting
commandos came from the town and were allowed home overnight. President Steyn pitched his tent in
front of a Mr Rosseau’s house and his eldest brother, Pieter G. Steyn, and Vecht-generals A. P. J.
Cronjé and J. H. B. Wessels moved in with him. Before dawn Steyn’s cook, Jan Ruiter, had been
ordered to make the coffee and, as he did so, he saw Boer scouts returning with the British on their
heels and gave the alarm. Steyn managed to get to his horse and, with a borrowed saddle and his
nightcap still on his head, made off. Ruiter distracted the British, telling them the retreating figure was
only “some or other scared Boer” and pointing out Pieter Steyn as the President; only Ruiter’s
revelation of his position as Marthinus Steyn’s servant prevented the British treating this lie as a
capital
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