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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
.Article – Online Historic Information | Military
.Page 17
Anglo-Boer War (Milton Keynes, The Military Press, 1999).
Bechuanaland
The territory west of the Transvaal and north of Cape Colony, now Botswana. The railway running
north from Kimberley through Mafeking to Bulawayo in Rhodesia was completed between 1894 and
1897 through Bechuanaland, confirming the strategic importance that had led the British and the Boers
to seek control there over the years. In the war of 1899–1902 Boer efforts in the area were limited
almost entirely to the siege of Mafeking and British fears of uprisings in Rhodesia were never
realised.
The British had annexed the protectorate in the mid-1880s. When war threatened Colonel Robert
Baden-Powell and Lieutenant-colonel Herbert Plumer were sent out to raise forces there and a
Rhodesian force under Plumer and a Protectorate force commanded by Colonel C. B. Vyvyan were
Baden-Powell’s to command by the outbreak of hostilities. The Kgatla people were involved with an
ill-planned and executed attack by the British on the Boers at Derdepoort on 25 November 1899 and
suffered a reprisal raid by a Boer commando 500 strong on 22 December. The Kgatla continued to
raid and harass the Boers throughout the war. The Ngwato, on the other hand, under their chief
Khama, showed such willingness to defend their land that a Boer force under General F. A. Grobler
found discretion the better part of valour and withdrew from the Crocodile River. The Ngwato
economy grew vigorously during the war as the railway was vulnerable as a supply facility and food
for the British forces was purchased locally from them. Within Mafeking the TshidiBaralong endured
a difficult relationship with Baden-Powell and the British, and though they fought valiantly, they
gained little recognition for their efforts and sufferings.
See also:
Baden-Powell, Major-General Robert; Mafeking, Siege of.
Reference:
Warwick, Peter, Black People and the South African War 1899–1902 (Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 1983).
Belmont, Battle of,
23 November 1899
At the start of the campaign to relieve Kimberley (which was being held by the British), Lord
Methuen’s 1st Division attacked a force of Boers under Vecht-general Jacobus Prinsloo at Belmont
station, in what was to be the first important battle on the western front. The Orange Free State
commandos occupied several kopjes (small hills) in order to block the progress of Methuen’s forces,
but were forced to retire by the superior numbers and firepower of the British, having suffered some
150 casualties but having inflicted almost twice as much damage on the British. Lacking sufficient
cavalry, the British could not pursue the commandos as they retreated northwards.
Kimberley had been under siege by
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