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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
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of the railway east of Belfast, where hills and rivers through boggy ground favoured the Boers.
South of the railway, however, the ground was better and Buller was able to advance in a series of
brisk actions along the ridge to the west of the Klein Komatie River in the week beginning 21 August.
On 25 August Major-general Sir John French’s cavalry and Lieutenant-general R. Pole-Carew’s 11th
Infantry Division moved against the Boer line north of the railway by which time Buller had reached
Vogelstruispoort.
Further progress in the north was prevented by the difficulty of the terrain, but Buller was on
firm ground with a shallow valley some one-and-a-quarter miles (2km) from the ZARP positions at
the south-eastern elbow of the Boer line. Shelling began at once, continued the next day and then, for
three hours on the morning of 27 August, artillery fire fell without cease on the ZARPs. At about 2pm
1st The Rifle Brigade and 6th Inniskillings advanced in short bounds from cover to cover. The
surviving ZARPs fired on them but were soon overrun. Deneys Reitz wrote: “By sunset the police
were all but annihilated . . . Our line being broken, we had to give way too and after dark General
Botha ordered a withdrawal.”
Some of the Boers fell back eastwards to Komatipoort while others went north and east in small
groups. A last resistance was offered to Buller as he moved forward from Lydenburg, but formal
warfare was now at an end. The British thought the war was won and some Boers agreed. Others
were determined to continue and guerrilla warfare began.
See also:
Diamond Hill, Battle of; Guerrilla Warfare.
Reference:
Carver, Michael, The NAM Book of the Boer War (London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1999); Marix
Evans, Martin, The Boer War: South Africa 1899–1902 (Oxford, Osprey Publishing, 1999);
Reitz, Deneys, Commando: A Boer Journal of the Boer War (London, Faber & Faber, 1929;
Prescott, Arizona, Wolfe Publishing, 1994); Pakenham, Thomas, The Boer War (London,
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979; Abacus, 1992).
Bermuda
Early in the war, the British held Boer prisoners-of-war in temporary camps, including ships. They
later set up camps in Cape Colony, such as Green Point, and as numbers increased, sent prisoners to
colonies overseas. Prisoner-of-war camps were established on St Helena, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India
and Bermuda.
More than 5,000 Boers were sent to Bermuda where they were held on Darrell’s Island,
Morgan’s Island, Tucker’s Island and Burt’s Island. There was also a prisoners’ hospital on Port’s
Island.
Five days short of his twentieth birthday, August Carl Schulenburg of the Lichtenburg
Commando had been at the fight at Kraaipan, the first action of the war on 11 October 1899. He
fought at Kimberley, Modder River and Magersfontein and on into the guerrilla war, before being
captured on 8 May 1901. He was sent to Burt’s Island on Bermuda. He
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