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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
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remained there from 1 July 1901 to 25 July 1902 when, having signed a declaration of loyalty to
the British Crown, he was released. His memoirs have been published in Afrikaans.
See also:
Prisoners-of-war.
Reference:
Benbow, C., Boer Prisoners of War in Bermuda (Hamilton, Bermuda Historical Society, 1994);
Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the AngloBoer War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999); Schulenburg, C. A. R., August
Carl Schulenburg: Krygsgevangene, medikus, boer (Pretoria, J.L. van Schaik, 1985); van der
Walt, N. T., “The Diaries of August Carl Schulenburg”, Africana Journal,no. 15, 1999.
Bethlehem
A town in the north-eastern Orange Free State, Bethlehem stands on the Harrismith–Winburg road,
one of the main routes from Ladysmith in Natal to Bloemfontein, the capital of the Orange Free State.
The railway ran from Durban to Harrismith and from Bloemfontein to Johannesburg and Pretoria, and
this road provided a strategically important link. The British under Major-general R. A. P. Clements
took the town from Boer forces under Chief-commandant Christiaan De Wet in July 1900.
See also:
Biddulphsberg, Battle of; Tweefontein, Battle of.
Reference:
Jones, Huw M. and Meurig G. M. Jones, A Gazetteer of the Second Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902
(Milton Keynes, The Military Press, 1999).
Beyers, Assistant Commandant-General C. F.,
1869–1914
Christiaan Beyers was born in Stellenbosch, Cape Colony, and moved to the Transvaal in 1888
where he practised as a lawyer. When the war against the British broke out he joined the Boksburg
Commando and was promoted after the fall of Pretoria in June 1900. He fought at the Battle of
Nooitgedacht in December 1900 and stayed in the field to the end, though his methods were criticised
and cost him the command of the expedition that Jan Smuts led into the Cape. He chaired the
Vereeniging Peace Conference in May 1902 and was criticised for his hard-line stance. He was
appointed Commander-in-Chief under the Union of South Africa government of Louis Botha which
came into existence in 1910. On the outbreak of the First World War he became a leader of the
rebellion against the British and was drowned while attempting to escape the forces of General Smuts
who put down the uprising.
See also:
Nooitgedacht, Battle of; Smuts, Assistant Commandant-general Jan Christian.
Reference:
Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the Anglo-Boer
War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999); Reitz, Deneys, Commando:
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