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Military History – South Africa – Europe – England 19th Century
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.Page 54
kop. He fell ill and withdrew to his home state where he became Acting President after Kruger
had left for Europe. At the Council of War of May 1901 he proposed making peace with the British,
but was outvoted by President Steyn of the Orange Free State and his supporters.
See also:
Ladysmith, Siege of; Spioenkop, Battle of.
Reference:
Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the Anglo-Boer
War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999).
Burgher
A male citizen of a Boer republic. A burgher was obliged to serve in the local militia force, the
commando, providing his own horse, provisions for eight days and, originally, his own musket or
rifle. All men over sixteen years of age and under sixty years were eligible, those between eighteen
and thirty-four called up at first, those between thirty-four and fifty next and the final group only in
extreme need. Failure to serve was punished with a fine or with imprisonment.
See also:
Boer Forces.
Reference:
Hall, Darrell, ed. Fransjohan Pretorius and Gilbert Torlage, The Hall Handbook of the Anglo-Boer
War (Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 1999); Pretorius, Fransjohan, Life on
Commando during the Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 (Cape Town, Human & Rousseau, 1999).
Burnham, Major Frederick Russell,
1860–1947
British weakness in reconnaissance was recognised early in the war and an experienced
fieldcraftsman, Burnham, was brought to South Africa to correct the fault. He performed useful
service in the taking of Johannesburg and Pretoria, besides experiencing a number of dramatic
adventures.
F. R. Burnham was born in Minnesota, United States, and learned much of his skill as a scout
and tracker from the indigenous people of his birth-place. He served in the Matabele War and in early
1900 was at home in Scagway, Alaska, planning to prospect for gold, when a telegram came from the
new British Commander-in-Chief, Lord Roberts, asking him to become Chief of Scouts. Burnham
attempted to discover the conditions inside Commandant-general Cronjé’s laager at Paardeberg by
floating down the Modder River under a box, but learned little. He was on his way eastwards from
Bloemfontein when he came across Chief-commandant Christiaan De Wet’s force ready to ambush
Brigadier-general Broadwood’s column at Sannaspos. He attempted to give the alarm but was
captured and could only look on as British soldiers were taken prisoner and guns and wagons fell into
Boer hands. Burnham escaped from the victor’s wagon train and made his way back to headquarters.
As the British approached Johannesburg, the large quantity of railway rolling stock there was
seen as an important potential prize, both to
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